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    c(zhn)70ֳ(ni)ݺ͈DƬȫ

    ˼˼W(xu)W(wng)

    93տ(zhn)oֳDƬc(ni)ݣӛѪIvʷ

    Ї(zhn)oյ׶һÚvǂՓ@һ815ڴꑄtձͬˇfһ??93՞o

    @(ji)ЩS˲֪҇@ôһ(ji)ա@Dz(yng)(dng)?sh)꿹?zhn)Dyģ҂˟o(sh)ͬğѪœQ˽յĺƽ҂*(yng)ԓӛ@ЩѪIvʷ˽ƽÁIJԴˁԼ

    Ց(zhn)(War of Resistance Against Japan)HϷQڶՑ(zhn)(Second Sino-Japanese War)ָ20oڵڶ(zhn)ЇֿձԵһԵȫ(zhn)1937׃l(f)ȫwʿ1945ձͶY(ji)vrQ꿹(zhn)򺆷Q(zhn)

    1931A܊l(f)Ӿһ׃ȫռЇ|ΝMއ˺m(x)AϺȵ(zhn)_ͻtȡׅf(xi)߱_ͻU193777܊ڱƽRϘ׃Ց(zhn)ȫ汬l(f)

    ڑ(zhn)ЇͶ܊Զ܊M;S󽻑(zhn)pD(zhun)Їa(chn)hI(lng)(do)Ĕul(f)չѴ1941127ձl(f)̫ƽ(zhn)_˹ʽ(zhn)Ї(zhn)ɞ(zhn)(ڶ(zhn)ĺQ)(zhn)֮һ

    1945815ձͬˇolͶՑ(zhn)Ї˾޴ˆTؔa(chn)pʧ(zhn)^񱊵ć^õ(zhn)ĄOЇ_ϵĵλ

    vʷYԴ

    ՃɇP(gun)ϵʷǧѺý˾Rwʷӛʼʱo츣ʔ(sh)ǧͯͯŮ|ձӛdԪ7oձȺ18Dzʹ(ji)W(xu)W(xu)ɮˁЇW(xu)(x)ƴЇƶa(chn)ʽЇĻγ˳m(x) 200֮õѺýĸ߳Ԫ1368꣬ЇڏӏѺP(gun)ϵĕrձQ(ni)(jng)yl(f)չAQ(mo)TDzʹЇԸЇČٷԫ@ͬЇġQ(mo)ס(qun)S1868ξSºѸُձ̤ˌUĵ·

    20oʮձЇԑ(zhn)䌦Uԑ(zhn)Ҏ(gu)ģһ@Α(zhn)ձČUЃɇđ⌦ԼHxߵȶNõĺ

    ձU

    ~lξS

    ձU˼YԴ׷´ĻĩڣҪбŜYͼꎵУ1798ġ(jng)زߡһָձa(chn)SyԝM㲻L˿ڵҪձij·ֻЧֳxߣºQ(mo)׺ֳ˜I(y)^֮ŜY1823ġ(ni)ͬزߡȕMһʴ˴֮f֮_֮rtϤ鿤hfLԞ鳼͡ձ(ni)ͬ(y(tng)һ)ȏMM_ʼS֧ǣՓˡȡЇķE(zhn)ֹԡֻҪ֧ҰD_ӡȵȇuĽη،`鳼͡ɻʇy(tng)һfy¡S1858ġ䛡ˡrȡrM֧RӡȡĿO(sh)wˡ՝MޱƶrQȡuӡ˓֮מ߶Ȟ֮đ(zhn)x񡣱ŜYꎵ˵ձUġߡ˼A(ch)

    U˼룬õஔ(dng)(sh)ձ񱊵ĺ(yng)1715ձһɽTl(wi)TĴ͑򄡡ՠϑ(zhn)˄Ƶ[ձʿ_MЇϾЇϽձ˵@һAđ򄡣Bm(x)3ݲ˥ܵձ񱊿ǰδеĚgӭĶrر¶ձ񱊵AđB(ti)

    ´ĻĩڳF(xin)ĔU˼đB(ti)ñɞξSºձć(j)1868314乫ġlġ(ʩVI(lng))xl(f)ġ巺(P)мQް᠖ȃ|K_fﲨķڸ(ʿɽ)֮S(jng)y(tng)ΌӵMһUl(f)γ˽ձԔUĻ??ߡ

    189012µձһõۇh(ni)wɽhl(f)ʩfQwҪl(wi)֮жһԻ(qun)ֺ;Իo澀ʧ΄ٵλ^(qun)?֮Ҳ;^澀?ͬ(qun)ȫoP(gun)֮^(q)Ҳ(j)ɽh_ҪZȡrMMЇɽhġ(qun)澀Փnjձߡĵһ_fͽ綨ձߡγɵҪ(bio)־

    ^ɽh֮ձ܊x˵¸KЍu˺ؑ͞һַքeˡձÛՓ֧͡ǷָՓ1894¸K䡶ձÛՓһָձ˿ÛձҲҪÛȻЇ_(zhn)ÛձMÛӵĺÙCձ(dng)(qun)μҲҪe^C19111913꣬Ѝu˺ؑ͞һȺ䡶֧Ƿָ֮\֧͡ǷָՓЇɱرָĴЇָrձ؟(z)ڪռЇձؓ؟(z)Їµza(chn)

    ձԔU˼Փγ^Уձ㲻@һ˼Փ߸T(zhn)Оͬrַ^ё(zhn)ОЫ@õ棬ÁӡCԔU˼ՓʹԔU˼롢Փcԑ(zhn)Оγɻ[UČԔUĚvʷξSºձڌԔUMšvʷӛ

    1927ЇѸٰl(f)չձһ߄Mɡһֹ܊62777գձ(ni)wږ|_(w)ʡꑺ܊ʡ\P(gun)|܊P(gun)Ї}ҵ˅ӵġ|hQˡA߾VI(lng)VI(lng)JMɵ؅^(q)؄eǖ|ʡcձشP(gun)ϵձQؓ؟(z)Ρʹ֮ɞ(ni)ʿӵĵطVI(lng)߀Qձȡʹڃ(ni)һֶSoMһUڝM؄eǖ|ʡę(qun)SձˡۇM֮eOߡ(ۡ)_ˡΩ֧ǣM;֧ǡĔU(zhn){DA߾VI(lng)ۡ͡ij\(bio)־ձЇԑ(zhn)ɱ[16]

    Їđ⌦

    ҪF(xin)νM(jng)܊Œȷ档

    1νMČ

    ξSºձѸٽY(ji)ĻзƵķ⽨(j)_˽y(tng)һ뼯(qun)u׃?yu)܊·˹?/p>

    18684ձUO(sh)̫(ஔ(dng)ڿ)̫֮£O(sh)h()̷(˾)٣ʽϲYa(chn)Aw(qun)ģʽ6337_Ҏ(gu)HRfC1870633꣬ɡUÿhU260෪O(sh)372h(1888ϲ342h)h֮žС^(q)^(q)С^(q)֮(zhn)ձ뼯(qun)wƻγɡ1885ձ֏U̫ƶÃ(ni)wɿ()͇Ҵ󳼽Mֱʵă(ni)w1889Cձۇ(Α)_Ҏ(gu);ձۇfһϵ֮ʽy(tng)֮ʞ֮Ԫףy(tng)Ι(qun)ĶMһ_ʞԪ׵ĸ߶ȼ(qun)ڴǰձȺ󹫲񷨛Qhʇ񷨕Ҏ(gu)t͡񷨕Ҏ(gu)t_񱊞ʵġ񱊵x(w)ɻSձִ_܊󳼬F(xin)ƣ܊ձĵλ𲽼ӏ@ӵw£(dng)(zhn)ɞОrʮ׌F(xin)܊꠺񱊵ĄӆTͽM

    ^ЇνM@ձ

    ձԪЇ峯ͬʵdH13qҌ(qun)ٿvڱصĴFֽ(jng)wy(tng)ɳĺķ⽨ƶʼKB̵KЇΰl(f)չʹЇMҡ@ʮHҵ˥Г(dn)ؚʹ࣬҇Ҳ⵽ЏԺ׸1911Ʒ峯⽨ƶˬF(xin)Aijɹܿڱ܊yFLڵ(zhn)ɞ@һrЇ@Nrȱ(yng)еνM1927ϾԌOɽ(qun)Փ(j)_ԺƵw֌طͻ(qun)MиĸδϾF(xin)ҵwƽȫձ1931_ʼˌЇДЇάF(xin)M̡@ӣЇćνM@ձ[16]

    2н(jng)Č

    Ļĩγձ(jng)ȻYxͥڄձ(jng)ռ(yu)I(y)a(chn)hYx֮󡣞˸׃@һr͌ʩ˴l(f)չYx(jng)ġֳa(chn)dI(y)ߺͮa(chn)I(y)@һ^ͨ^(qun)IYMMYxҼg(sh)MձYx(jng)İl(f)չ18701885Ķ̶15rgYxI(y)ʹձһ⽨r(nng)I(y)׃ɞһYxI(y)Sձͨ^һϵЌ(zhn)@˴đ(zhn)rձYxl(f)չע˴Y𣬏ĶMһMձYxİl(f)չ1937ձ܊¹I(y)Ҳ󲽰l(f)չڡ̹ˡ(zhn)C܊ŞȾܴҎ(gu)ģa(chn)

    ^ЇLܷ⽨xȺ͵ۇx(jng)l(f)չʮ־1937F(xin)I(y)ڇ(jng)a(chn)ֵбز10%䓮a(chn)4fFa(chn)95.9f(|)úa(chn)2800fʯͮa(chn)1.31fr(nng)I(y)(jng)r(nng)I(y)׺ȫ@Nr(nng)I(y)A(ch)ʹЇ܊¹I(y)Ҳʮ1931a(chn)pСڏ⣬b[16]

    3܊ŒČ

    ξSºձڡָ(do)_ʼYxҵıƞ鿬ģMʽ܊꠺͸ĸ܊ơgĽMʡO(sh)܊ͺ܊܊ķ⽨ʿF鳣܊

    cͬrS܊¹I(y)İl(f)չձ܊꠵܊bڅԽԁձ܊¹I(y)I(y)оһֱռкҪλá1890ǰձ˖|ڱSڱSMR܊Sʯu촬S촬S촬Sȴ܊¹I(y)СڏҰɽӝˮ׾졣1892꣬нȫŞS20oʮA(ch)I(y)عI(y)W(xu)I(y)I(y)Mһl(f)չձ܊¹I(y)õMһl(f)չڡ̹wC܊ŞȶܴҎ(gu)ģa(chn)1931Ça(chn)bęCеF_ʼͬ9ձѾZըCNŞW(xu)

    ܊¹I(y)ЇՑ(zhn)ǰϦֻ첽pCpهُ@Ї܊܊b了ª[16]

    Hh(hun)

    SF(xin)ĽF͇HMֻҪԸǿһ̶ֹijһҌ(qun)ҵһ(qun)ңȺH“(lin)ˡŇsMͷǑ(zhn)sMȇHMЇձ֮HF͇HMȻȡˡ桱ĽߣĶڿ^˷ſvձЇԵ

    HձЇ֮HȡߵԭҪǣ

    һձһcPeY(ji)Ľ(jng)P(gun)ϵڽ(jng)ձc^oܵ“(lin)ϵĵڶQ(mo)׻η棬ձͬҪҵćƶRΑB(ti)ͬK“(lin)Ĺͬ(zhn)

    ڶYx(jng)ΣCӰ푡19291933Yx罛(jng)ΣCش˚WYxң@ЩҶ̎ڼоQɽ(jng)ΣCć(ni)„(w)oϾ֮H^ȡߡ

    HMHɴ֧ձһP(gun)ćHMҪλҪӰ@HMͺyձIJÛQ


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